Politics :: essays research papers

à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Arafat and the PLOà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? "We must remember that the main enemy of the Palestinian people, now and forever, is Israel. This is a truth that must never leave our minds." --- Palestinian Authority Justice Minister Freih Abu Middein, speaking at Al Azhar University in Gaza. (Al-Nahar, 11 April 1995; The Jerusalem Post, 17 April 1995) As expressed in the above quote, the establishment of the state of Israel in 1948 sparked much resentment from nearby Arab states, which immediately waged war against the new nation. Consequently, a severe refugee problem was created among the Palestinians that had been living in and near the territories that were taken over by Israel. An estimated 726,000 Palestinians were displaced; some were forced to other Arab states in the Middle East, while others were confined to refugee camps in Israel. In the mid-1950s, Arafat and several Palestinian Arab associates formed a movement known as Fatah, dedicated to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“reclaiming Palestine for the Palestinians.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? It quickly became the largest and most popular Palestinian organization mostly due to the fact that it did not define a distinct ideology, and kept a rather vague and unspecified platform in order to avoid too close an identification with any one particular Arab country. Fatah and other splinter sects eventually operated under an umbrella organization, the Palestine Liberation Organization, formed in 1964. Arafat, as a member of the Husseini family, had a niche of credibility, an advantage that allowed him to quickly generate a loyal following (Bickerton 147). Running Fatah became Arafat's full-time occupation, and by 1965, the organization was launching guerrilla raids and terrorist attacks into Israel. The PLOà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Tumultuous Beginning As Israel emerged victorious in the Six-Day War of 1967, and captured the Golan Heights from Syria, the West Bank from Jordan and the Gaza Strip from Egypt, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict took on a heightened tension. Following th e war, Arafat moved the headquarters of the PLO to Jordan. Terrorist activity was conducted by fundamentalist splinter groups within the PLO, such as the Liberation for Palestine (PFLP), the Palestine Popular Struggle Front, and the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP), in an attempt to draw attention to the Palestinian cause. In 1968, Arafat and the Fatah got international publicity when they inflicted a significant defeat on Israeli troops who entered Jordan. These PLO's activities increasingly troubled Jordan's King Hussein because it prevented him from considering any negotiated settlement with Israel.

Merck Ethics Essay

In developing a drug to combat river blindness, pharmaceutical company Merck discovered an opportunity to treat millions of affected peoples around the world that probably would never see commercial use. The drug in development, ivermectin, was unaffordable to the primary victims of river blindness, Third World peoples. Thus, Dr. Vagelos, the head of research at the time, treaded upon a ethical quagmire; he could either choose to scrap the drug and its further research or he could spend millions more on a drug destined for financial failure. In accordance with Merck’s company direction at the time, Dr. Vagelos understood that the purpose of the company was to serve people and that profits result from the fulfillment of this primary purpose. As such, Dr. Vagelos not only pushed for further research on the drug, but decided when he became CEO to offer the drug, now Mectizan, for free to all affected individuals. Dr. Vagelos decision fulfills all four of Fleming’s principles of ethics. In general, his decision reflects Fleming’s definition of ethics, which is a â€Å"standpoint from which all persons have a special dignity or worth.† The choice to make the drug available for free is utilitarian, as the number of affected individuals worldwide greatly outweigh the number of negatively impacted stockholders. In doing so, Dr. Vagelos choice also illustrates his belief that people are entitled to the right of humane treatment by others. Similarly, his choice reveals every person’s obligation to protect and ensure these rights. Dr. Vagelos decision is also just and fair, in that all members of a group (in this case, the human race) are to be treated with equal benefits.

Positive And Negative Impacts Of Children With Disabilities

I found a lot a new thing in the readings and video that I haven t thought about before. I m a little embarrassed that I have never thought about some of these things. I am a very independent person and that is something that was stressed to me my entire life as a valuable quality to have. I was always told make sure I get a job so I can support myself and move out of the house. I never once thought about staying with my parents or them moving in with me I had assumed everyone was taught the same. Many young individuals with disabilities face a difficult period of doubt as they transition from childhood into adulthood, primarily in the area of getting employment and independent living. For youth with disabilities who have not been†¦show more content†¦For some families, having a child with a disability may cause a lot of stress in the family. Families can experience stress from social discrimination and negative attitudes coming from stereotypes. Members of the community that have negative attitudes may not want to associate with youth with disabilities which may lower the chances of community participation and social inclusion. A family feeling embarrassed and ashamed may not participate in the community as often. Many families believe that their children need protection, therefore they take total control of the independence which can lead to lower self-esteem. This attitude prevents youth with disabilities from reaching their full potential. This could be a cont ributing factor as to why there is a lower number of youth living independently. However, even with supportive families, many youths with disabilities face major challenges in the education system. As educators, we need to ensure that there is open communication with parents and we are listening to their wants and needs. Educators need to make sure that families fully understand their child s disability. Families, parents, and caregivers of youth with disabilities are held back by the lack of information and knowledge on resources and services to support youth with disabilities. If families and youth don t fully understand their disability they might not understand the educational and communityShow MoreRelatedChildren With Intellectual Disabilities Should Be Educated1114 Words   |  5 PagesStudents with an intellectual disability have been educated separate from students in general education classrooms for quite some time. Over time, many countries have adopted children with intellectual disabilities being educated in the general education classrooms. Howeve r, major differences can be seen in the utilization of inclusive education not only across countries, but even across the same country. United Nations Convention of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities support the idea that studentsRead MorePlacement Options For Students With Disabilities1065 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent placement options for students with disabilities that any one school can consider. In considering the best possible placement option for each student there are many different things to consider. This paper will cover the topics of three different placement options, these placement options are self-contained classroom setting, inclusion, and resource room placement. Self-Contained Classroom Setting For many there can be many different positive and negative advantages to being placed in a self-containedRead MoreThe Medical Model Of Disability1533 Words   |  7 Pagesmodel focuses more on the problem and not the person, so the problem would be things such as the disabilities and impairments rather than the needs of the person. 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Some changes include; how students with disabilities are perceived in American society, the instructional practices of educators, and implementing federal legislation which address the needs of students with disabilities in public schools. These issues have impacted special education in both positive and negative ways. The purpose of this essay is to compare and contrast important positive and negative changes in special education. In addition, implementing further measuresRead MoreWhat Are Some Obstacles You May Face as a Teacher ?1411 Words   |  6 Pagesobstacles while maintaining a happy, positive and joyful attitude. A teacher must remember that it is not the information they possess along with various skills that affects teaching, rather it the ability to overcome challenges in a positive manner that impacts on learning. Some of the many ob stacles a teacher may face are; engaging unmotivated children in the classroom, promoting positive conditioning and reinforcement and accommodating those with development disabilities (Symonds, 1941). Keeping studentsRead MoreRelationship Between Brothers And Sisters868 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween brothers and sisters when one has a disability or developmental delay. There are many factors that affect these sibling relationships. The family system framework consists of family inputs that affect family subsystems. This paper will take a look into the sibling subsystem and the effects a sibling with a disability has on their sibling. These sibling relationships may be viewed as problematic, but research has shown that there are many positive outcomes to these special sibling relationshipsRead MoreWhat Are The Pros And Cons Of Inclusion? Essay1720 Words   |  7 Pagesgoals and objectives of IDEA and No Child Left Behind Act. NCLB was enacted to ensure that all children have a fair, equal and significant opportunity to obtain high quality education. The problem arises, however, when children with disabilities have to take the same test as students without disabilities. Savich st ated that critics argue that this goal is unrealistic, and unfair. Students with disabilities cannot do well on these standardized tests. The results will be lowering of their self esteemRead MoreThe Views Parents And Teachers Have On Inclusion And How These Views Impact On Classroom Inclusion Strategies1594 Words   |  7 Pagesteachers have on inclusion and how these views impact on classroom inclusion strategies. This report will discuss inclusion and the benefits for all students. The discussion will then focus on recommendations for bringing these views into line with current policies. This will be investigated by reviewing literature on inclusion through recently published journal articles and internet sites. According to Inclusion Now (2015) â€Å"inclusion means that all children, regardless of their background or abilityRead MoreSocial, Emotional and Intellectual Research Paper728 Words   |  3 Pagestheir lives. Daily experiences and relationships with others have mayor impacts in how a child develops in these areas. Children are guided by emotions and social interactions. Consequently, these connections will guide their cognitive development. NAEYC states â€Å"that optimal development and learning in the early years will most likely occur when children establish positive and caring relationships with adults and other children† (Bredekamp Copple, 2009). Emotions make every person unique and original