Network Management Essays - Network Management,

Network Management Imagine yourself as a network administrator, responsible for a 2000 user network. This network reaches from California to New York, and some branches over seas. In this situation, anything can, and usually does go wrong, but it would be your job as a system administrator to resolve the problem with it arises as quickly as possible. The last thing you would want is for your boss to call you up, asking why you haven't done anything to fix the 2 major systems that have been down for several hours. How do you explain to him that you didn't even know about it? Would you even want to tell him that? So now, picture yourself in the same situation, only this time, you were using a network monitoring program. Sitting in front of a large screen displaying a map of the world, leaning back gently in your chair. A gentle warning tone sounds, and looking at your display, you see that California is now glowing a soft red in color, in place of the green glow just moments before. You select the state of California, and it zooms in for a closer look. You see a network diagram overview of all the computers your company has within California. Two systems are flashing, with an X on top of them indicating that they are experiencing problems. Tagging the two systems, you press enter, and with a flash, the screen displays all the statitics of the two systems, including anything they might have in common causing the problem. Seeing that both systems are linked to the same card of a network switch, you pick up the phone and give that branch office a call, notifying them not only that they have a problem, but how to fix it as well. Early in the days of computers, a central computer (called a mainframe) was connected to a bunch of dumb terminals using a standard copper wire. Not much thought was put into how this was done because there was only one way to do it: they were either connected, or they weren't. Figure 1 shows a diagram of these early systems. If something went wrong with this type of system, it was fairly easy to troubleshoot, the blame almost always fell on the mainframe system. Shortly after the introduction of Personal Computers (PC), came Local Area Networks (LANS), forever changing the way in which we look at networked systems. LANS originally consisted of just PC's connected into groups of computers, but soon after, there came a need to connect those individual LANS together forming what is known as a Wide Area Network, or WAN, the result was a complex connection of computers joined together using various types of interfaces and protocols. Figure 2 shows a modern day WAN. Last year, a survey of Fortune 500 companies showed that 15% of their total computer budget, 1.6 Million dollars, was spent on network management (Rose, 115). Because of this, much attention has focused on two families of network management protocols: The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), which comes from a de facto standards based background of TCP/IP communication, and the Common Management Information Protocol (CMIP), which derives from a de jure standards-based background associated with the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) (Fisher, 183). In this report I will cover advantages and disadvantages of both Common Management Information Protocol (CMIP) and Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)., as well as discuss a new protocol for the future. I will also give some good reasons supporting why I believe that SNMP is a protocol that all network administrators should use. SNMP is a protocol that enables a management station to configure, monitor, and receive trap (alarm) messages from network devices. (Feit, 12). It is formally specified in a series of related Request for Comment (RFC) documents, listed here. RFC 1089 - SNMP over Ethernet RFC 1140 - IAB Official Protocol Standards RFC 1147 - Tools for Monitoring and Debugging TCP/IP Internets and Interconnected Devices [superceded by RFC 1470] RFC 1155 - Structure and Identification of Management Information for TCP/IP based internets. RFC 1156 - Management Information Base Network Management of TCP/IP based internets RFC 1157 - A Simple Network Management Protocol RFC 1158 - Management Information Base Network Management of TCP/IP based internets: MIB-II RFC 1161 - SNMP over OSI RFC 1212 - Concise MIB Definitions RFC 1213 - Management Information Base for Network Management of TCP/IP-based internets: MIB-II RFC 1215 - A Convention for Defining Traps for use with the SNMP RFC 1298 - SNMP over

Socialism in Tanzania

Socialism in Tanzania Free Online Research Papers There were many problems that plagued Tanzania as it was beginning its development as an independent country. Tanzania was plagued with economic inequality and too much dependence on foreign investments. A school teacher, Julius Nyerere, from the former Tanganykan country had a vision of African socialism that would create a prosperous socialist society in Africa. From the developments that took place, Nyerere was on the right track, but through governmental mismanagement and environmental issues, his goals were never fully developed. Tanzania began its independence as Tanganyika in 1961. The school teacher, Julius Nyerere, became the first president of Tanganyika under the new republican constitution. In 1964, Tanganyika was loosely joined with the islands of Zanzibar, and was renamed the Republic of Tanzania (Skinner 2003). Nyerere was a strong supporter of African socialism. He wanted Tanzania to be self-sufficient, to prosper, and be equal to all. To end the economic inequality and restrict government corruption, Nyerere, ordered income limitations and established village collectives (Duiker, 727). The peasants did not agree to this so the government burned their villages and forced them into collective farms. This forced coercion immensely affected the agricultural efficiency and output of the nation, and eventually led to one of the downfalls of Nyerere’s goals. Another concern of the African leaders was the control of their industries by foreign powers and increase self-reliance. Their goal was to restrict foreign investments and nationalize the major industries while also continuing to support democratic ideals and values (Duiker, 727). The government succeeded in nationalizing the industries, and by 1967, had transformed the government into the largest employer of the nation. There were some major issues in Tanzania that caused Nyerere’s self-reliance plan to fail. The country was crippled by agricultural issues because of poor soil, inadequate rainfall, and limited resources (Duiker, 727). The government also imposed excessive taxes which helped to further damage the economy. Because of these issues, self-reliance was not an acceptable solution for Tanzania; they had to continue to depend on foreign countries for economic assistance. Tanzania did not respond to Nyerere’s African socialism, as shown through the slow growth and continued rural and urban poverty. The quest for socialism left Tanzania as one of the poorest and least developed countries, and its dependence on foreign aid was the world’s highest (Skinner 2003). One option to overcome some of these issues would have been to unite with a country that had fertile land, such as Kenya. By uniting with a Kenya, together they could have traded resources to help eachother become self-sufficient. The only problem with joining with Kenya was that Kenya welcomed foreign investments and profit incentives. Tanzania was also bordered by four bodies of water. They could have invested in some type of irrigation systems to combat their inadequate rainfall percentages. In conclusion, I believe with some improvement, Nyerere’s system could have worked and helped Tanzania establish itself as a successful socialist nation. From the textbook’s perspective, their problems were minor, and with some adjustments, Tanzania could have enjoyed being self-reliant and prosperous. Nyerere could have tried to reverse the collective farming to see how well that system would work. He could have also lowered the taxes imposed and used more foreign aide as other nations did. All in all, with a little modifications, I believe in the long run, the plan would have worked. ? Bibliography Duiker, William J., and Jackson J. Spielvogel. The Essential World History. 6th Edition. Boston: Wadsworth, 2011. Skinner, Annabel. History of Tanzania. April 2003. enotes.com/topic/History_of_Tanzania (accessed November 12, 2010). Research Papers on Socialism in TanzaniaBringing Democracy to AfricaAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Definition of Export Quotas19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraTwilight of the UAWRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeQuebec and CanadaStandardized TestingInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married Males

Discussion 8 international relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion 8 international relations - Essay Example Its policy makings and economic integration have been evolving major developments through Single European Act, Masstricht Treaty, 1995 Enlargement and 2004 Enlargement. Though there have been greater achievements to prosper economic development of the European region, EU faces a number of obstacles in relation to bringing economic integration and Economic and monetary integration is not mutually reinforcing and it is more likely to be best only among homogenous set of economies, but, EU comprises of many countries with very different size and strength as economy is concerned. When EU adds new members of poor and les-industrialized nations, the Union essentially requires extra provisions and complex negotiations among those countries. Therefore, integration and member-widening process seem to be greater challenges especially due to that this is between nations of very different in economic size and power. As Warleigh (2004) pointed out that the complexity in integration of the economy of its member countries reflects and partly causes Union’s close acquaintance with controversy in recent years. Crude power politics and member nations intransigence causes EU decisions to become demonstrably unfair (p. 75).

Steel making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Steel making - Essay Example The process of steel making process involves producing steel from either the ferrous scrap or from iron. During the steel making practice, there is the removal of excessive impurities, among which are silicon, nitrogen, carbon and phosphorous from raw iron, together with other elements of alloy like nickel, vanadium, chromium and manganese, for the production of different steel grades (Mohammed, Stephen, and Seetharaman 1566). The limitation of dissolved gases that include oxygen and nitrogen, as well as all other impurities entrained within steel is important for enhancing the product quality cast from the initial liquid state. Two important processes are involved in steel making; the electric arc furnace, and Basic Oxygen Steelmaking (BOS). The latter uses scrap steel and blast-based liquid pig-iron as the major feed materials, whereas the former makes use of the direct reduced iron or the scrap steel (Mao, Pan, Pang, and Chai 67). The oxygen steel making is exclusively fueled by the reaction’s exothermic nature within the vessels, while the electric arc furnace (EAF) process makes use of the electric energy for melting of the solid scrap material. Introduction of additional chemical energy for EAF processes has enhanced the evolution of the process to almost equal the technological expertise involved in oxygen steel making. The modern processes for steel making can be classified as primary or secondary. The primary steel making generally entails the conversion of liquid iron from an original steel scrap and blast furnace to steel by the melting of scrap, or basic oxygen steel making, and the use of direct reduced iron within the electric arc furnace (Seiji, Yoshiyuki, and Masuro 13). The secondary process of steel making, however, entails the refinery of crude steel prior to casting, and this involves numerous operations in the ladles. The addition of alloying agents occurs during the secondary metallurgy

EVALUATING HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

EVALUATING HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT - Essay Example It aims to establish a more open, flexible and caring management style so that staff will be motivated, developed and managed in a way that they can give of their best to support the concerned departments. Good HRM practices are instrumental in helping achieve departmental objectives and enhance productivity. In the larger interest of a company it is imperative that employees are taught the nuance of the trade. Personnel with positive attitudes and can lend themselves to the causes are what organisations look for. HRM is all about this. Employees are taught to be positive, deliver quality work, have a sense of humour, and work as a team. Employees should be interested in performing as a team and take joy in team results, rather than individual accomplishments. The work of HRM is to identify people with such qualities. Building a team with members with such exemplary qualities mitigate the work of an organisation and they can build a work force that is prepared for the culture one desire (Corporate Culture, Auxillium West -The HR Manager). The above is well illustrated in the way Japanese HRM function in unison with company motives and policies. Strong HRM practices are characterised by an equally strong internal labour market, consultative decision making and enterprise unionism. Such practices, individually and collectively, encourage the incorporation of employees into the mainstream (The culture of the enterprise). This results in a strong employee-management relationship, leading to employee identification with the firm, and a high commitment to innovative production practices that enhance the firm's performance. In return the firm or organisation, in recognition of their work ethics, provides job security and rewards (John Benson and Philippe Debroux, HRM in Japanese Enterprises: Trends and Challenges). 2.0 HRM-An Overview No organisation can grow or for that matter, survive without incorporating policies that are pro-human in nature. "Functions such as managing cash flow, business transactions, communication, public relations, and production are part of human activities in sustainability and growth of an organisation. Unless human resources are looked after diligently by the organisation managers, the firm is likely to face drawbacks, which could have serious repercussions on the organisation as a whole. It is no secret that humans are the driving force of any establishment, and it is they who possess the drive to make or break an organisation. In lieu of the current market and multi-polar world situation, the work ethics of most organisations are continuously changing. This change not only affects the business but its employees as well. In order to maximise organisational effectiveness, managers must be able to manage employee capabilities, their time, and talent. Human resource management is about e mployees and organisational goals. In a nutshell, HRM

How to Become an Effective Hospice Nurse

How to Become an Effective Hospice Nurse Hospice nursing is an occupation that few people know about. Although the process of getting into this occupation is quite simple, there is a lot of work to be done in this growing field. Almost anyone can get a degree in nursing, but it takes a special kind of person to be a hospice nurse. This is because hospice nurses deal with the emotions the come with caring for terminally ill patients every day. How to Become an Effective Hospice Nurse Hospice nursing is an occupation that many people dont know about, although it deserves as much credit and awareness as any other nursing position. Many hospice nurses go to great lengths and make huge sacrifices in order to get this position, and the process to do so is very intricate and can be confusing. Nursing is a profession that takes a special kind of person, especially hospice nursing, because their job is to assist a patient and the patients family through a death. In todays healthcare situation, there is a rapidly increasing shortage of nurses. This is due to the fact that most registered nurses are retiring all at once, and there is no one there to fill their shoes. It is not uncommon to go to the doctors office and not give a second thought to the nurse seen before and after the doctor. This is part of what makes hospice nurses different. They form a close relationship with not only the patient, but the family as well. As with any medical profession, it can be difficult to understand how a person went about obtaining their career. There are many routes available, along with characteristics that make up a good hospice nurse. Essential Question How does a person become an effective hospice nurse? Supporting Questions What schooling is required, and what kind of classes should be taken? What kind of certification is needed, and how is it obtained? What is the job outlook, and why is it like this? How will having certain characteristics and specific skills benefit? What schooling is required, and what kind of classes should be taken? To be accepted into nursing school, a person has to have a high school diploma. Taking classes in math, biology, and chemistry while in high school help build a strong application, as well as being able to speak a foreign language. Someone looking into being a registered nurse can choose one of three options when it comes to finding a program. The first option is to get a four-year bachelors of science degree in nursing. This is offered by more than 700 colleges. The second option is to get either a two-year or a three-year associate degree in nursing, and this is possible at 850 community colleges. The final alternative would be to go through one of the 70 diploma programs available at some hospitals, which takes about three years (Education and Training, 2009, p.3). Regardless of which path is chosen, all nursing education will involve supervised clinical and classroom instruction. Anatomy, physiology, microbiology, chemistry, nutrition, psychology, and behavioral sciences are some of the classes that are commonly taken by nursing students (Paying Your Dues, 2010, p.1). It is important to take math, biology, and chemistry in high school because even if they cant be taken as college credit, they are still crucial preparatory classes. They will serve as the basic foundation for starting out in nursing education. Being able to speak a foreign language is helpful as well, because people from all backgrounds and cultures need medical help and deserve the right to speak in their own language. This is especially true in the hospice area of nursing because most patients are being taken care of in their own homes, and need the comfort of not having to be stressed about what languages their nurse can or cannot speak. One of a nurses main duties is to serve as a central communicator between the doctor and patient. The best option to choose when picking a nursing program is getting a four-year bachelors of science degree (BSN). It used to be that a nurse with an associate degree could get a job at almost any hospital. However, times are changing and it is now p referred that nurses have a four-year BSN. It is important for all of the programs to have experiences in clinics in all different settings because it provides students with a chance to learn about multiple areas of healthcare. For instance, a person could be planning to have a career in geriatrics, but after spending hours at a nursing home for a clinical, they might completely change their mind. What kind of certification is needed, and how is it obtained? In the United States, all hospice nurses must be registered nurses in addition to being certified by their states health department as a hospice worker. In order to become a registered nurse, a person must take and pass a national examination after graduating from a school of nursing (Education and Training, 2009, p.3). This examination is called the National Council Licensure Examination, or NCLEX-RN (Licensing and Certification, 2010, p.7). It is mandatory for all registered nurses to renew their license periodically, and some states require continuing education. This test is administered electronically, and is multiple-choice. Students usually begin studying for it in their final year of nursing school. Results are sent by mail and arrive five to eight weeks after the testing date. Being certified by the state health department as a hospice worker is important because it ensures that only nurses trained for this field will be entering palliative situations. If this requirement wasnt in place, any registered nurse could go into a home and perform hospice work. It is because of this rule that patients and families can feel confident that they will receive the best care. The National council Licensure Examination helps weed out the students who arent quite ready to start their career in nursing, and need a little more time to study. The students who dont pass can continue to study and try again the next time the test is administered. What is the job outlook, and why is it like this? Registered nurses have more than 2.5 million jobs in the United States. This is expected to hold through and only increase until at least the year 2016. The growth of healthcare in general and the needs of a quickly growing and aging population will raise the demand for registered nurses. The Bureau of Labor Statistics says that more new jobs are to be created for registered nurses than for any other occupation (Employment Outlook, 2010, p.4). The number of elderly is increasing rapidly, which creates many new jobs for hospice nurses. Another reason is because patients are becoming more and more okay with the idea of in-home care, and are actually starting to prefer it. Technology is supporting this by allowing nurses to deliver complex treatments away from hospitals. As interest in the field of hospice nursing grows, so do the opportunities. Right now there are two programs in the United States that provide masters degrees that focus on hospice care. One is at New York University, and the other is at Ursuline College, which is in Pepper Pike, Ohio. However, once this career takes off, there will hopefully be more masters degree programs available that specialize in hospice nursing. How will having certain characteristics and specific skills benefit? Hospice nursing includes 24-hour availability, pain management, and family support combined with compassionate listening and counseling skills (Hospice/palliative care nurses, p. 1) . According to Theresa Valiga: Nursing is a profession that challenges a person intellectually, physically, and emotionally. But it is also a profession that is incredibly rewarding. Nurses are with people during every major life event from birth to death. They have the privilege of being quite intimate with strangers. They are well-respected and they make a real difference in the lives of people and communities. Who could ask for more from a career? (p. 1) Like she said, a hospice nurse needs to not only be able to handle the physical stress of the everyday work, but also the emotional stress. One of the main goals of hospice nursing is to find out the patients last wishes and make sure they are carried through and communicated to the family (A. Fredericks, personal interview, December 9, 2010). On average, hospice patients die within a month of enrolling in a hospice program. Because of this fact, hospice nurses need to have skills to deal with spiritual and culturally sensitive patients. They also need to be able to lift patients or help them bath, sit up, get out of bed, or walk. Sometimes the patients are moody, confused, and uncooperative. Communication is a huge key in hospice nursing, because it is the nurses job to observe the patients condition and report it to the doctors, as well as the patients emotional needs and wishes to the family. How does a person become an effective hospice nurse? The first step to becoming an effective hospice nurse is getting a bachelors of science degree from a four-year nursing program. After that, the National Counsel Licensure Examination needs to be passed, as well as registering with a state health department as a hospice worker. A masters degree may be obtained specializing in palliative care. Amy Fredericks, a hospice worker encourages nursing students to continue on past their registered nursing licenses while they are free and not tied down by family and career (Personal interview, December 9, 2010). An effective hospice nurse can walk out the door at the end of the day and know they made a difference, whether it be through making someone smile or teaching a family member how to care for their loved one. As a hospice nurse, it is important to be caring, compassionate, and knowledgeable in order to provide the best care for the patient. Annotated Bibliography Hospice/palliative care nurses. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.nursesource.org/hospice.html. This source have me specific information about hospice nursing and more details on the day to day experiences. Hospice nurse. (2010, April 14). Retrieved from http://www.princetonreview.com/Careers.aspx?cid=177. This source was helpful because it talked about the educational steps needed in order to become a hospice nurse. Kathy, Initials. (2009, January 7). Home health nursing. Retrieved from ultimatenurse.com/171. This source provided me with information about how hospice nurses serve as the prime communicators between doctors and patients. Occupational outlook handbook. (2009, December 17). Retrieved from http://bls.gov.oco.ocos083.htm. This source helped me see the statistics from the Bureau of Labor and analyze the outlook for hospice nurses. Registered professional nurses. (2009, February). This source provided me with information about the working conditions of registered nurses as well as education and training and personal qualifications.

The Anatomy of Abuse Essay -- essays research papers

The Anatomy of Abuse While this paper cannot be a definitive guide to the nature of the abuser, the victims relationship with the abuser and societies part in encouraging gender bias, I hope it will add to the pool of knowledge. It is my hope that, at least in a small way, this paper will be an aid towards helping us all understand the nature of domestic abuse and those who perpetrate or encourage it. George Rolph. London 2004. The abusers -- Actors in disguise. First and foremost abusers are actors. It makes no difference what gender the abusive personality is, their primary skill is to emulate normal behaviour in order to disguise their own condition. I have spoken to many victims of abuse who say that the person they met and fell in love with â€Å"gradually changed† into a monster. This is often one of the most confusing and distressing aspects of abuse from the victims point of view. It is also a situation that the abuser will exploit with varying degrees of vicious skill. While it is impossible to be specific on these subjects in every case, careful observation and research have uncovered certain general consistencies I want to discuss here. The question is; what is going on in the abusers mind that causes them to suddenly, or gradually, become abusive to their new partner? It appears that the abusive personality has learned, by observation and by mimicry of those around them, how to give every appearance of normality and stability for often quite extended periods of time. This means that they are able to convince new partners that they are really charming, wonderful people who should be trusted and are worthy of love and care. This act is easy to maintain in certain social situations and where the abuser has minimal contact with others in an average day. For example, in a work situation where he/she will be in contact with others for a maximum of eight hours per day. Another social situation may be one of casual friendships made in pubs and clubs. Under these conditions the actor (abuser) need only be convincing as a normal person for a minimum amount of time. This is why many friends of the abuser find it hard to believe that the person they think they know could be capable of such barbarity within a long term relationship. In the case of female abuse rs, this difficulty is compounded by social and political myths that see females only as victi... ... Men and boys are subjected to massive amounts of prejudice in everything from education provision; medical cancer research (breast versus testicular for example); housing provision; Divorce; the right to bring up their children alone; hugely insulting articles; newspaper stories and books; job security issues as a result of so-called â€Å"positive† discrimination; discriminatory advertising on the television; hate speech; political discrimination; legal rights and censorship of the male point of view in the media. If men complain about this they are ridiculed and called whiners sometimes by other so-called men in the media but, most often, by radical feminist media spokesmen. This prejudice has led to an explosion of single mothers and the most confused and damaged generation of children our country has ever known. Will someone please tell me the benefits of this utopian radical feminist, left wing view of modern society? * For a great cautionary tale of statistics and their manipulation go to this page on the Web: http://www.ifeminists.net/introduction/editorials/2004/0324.html Copyright  © George Rolph. April 2004 Founder of No More Silence. Contact: grolph(@)no-more-silence.org